Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol 12, Issue 1 36-41, Copyright © 1993 by American College of Nutrition

JOURNAL ARTICLE

The effect of fat and carbohydrate on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and triglycerides in normal male subjects

M. C. Gannon, F. Q. Nuttall, S. A. Westphal and E. R. Seaquist
Metabolic Research Laboratory (111G), VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417.

Ten normal subjects were given 50 g starch, or 50 g starch + 50 g fat as a breakfast meal. The starch was given in the form of potato; the fat was given in the form of butter. The meals were ingested at 8 a.m. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and triglyceride concentrations were measured at various time points for 4 hours after each meal. The net 4-hour postprandial area responses to the ingested meals were determined using the trapezoid rule, with the fasting glucose concentration, measured at the same time points for 4 hours as a baseline. The glucose area response was 2.2 mmol hour/l following the potato meal. This was significantly reduced following ingestion of the meal containing fat (1.3 mmol hour/l) (p < 0.01). The insulin area response was slightly greater following the meal containing fat (459 pmol hour/l) compared to potato alone (423 pmol hour/l) (p < 0.01). The C-peptide area response following the meal containing fat was 0.80 pmol hour/ml, clearly greater than following potato alone (0.58 pmol hour/ml) (p < 0.01). The triglyceride area response also was much greater following the meal containing fat compared to potato alone (0.74 and 0.08 mmol hour/l, respectively). The mechanism of the attenuated glucose response to carbohydrate ingestion with a fat-containing meal is unknown. It may be due to the release of an enteric hormone that increases glucose disposal, either directly or indirectly, through insulin.

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