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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 17, No. 2, 171-179 (1998)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Original Paper

Oxidative Changes Associated with ß-Carotene and {alpha}-Tocopherol Enrichment of Human Low-Density Lipoproteins

Hazel T. Bowen, MS and Stanley T. Omaye, PhD, FACN

Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada

Address reprint requests to: Stanley T. Omaye, Department of Nutrition, Mail Stop 142, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557

Objective: To determine what effects enrichment of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with combinations of {alpha}-tocopherol and ß-carotene would exert on LDL oxidation and attempt to define the nature of the effects.

Methods: Human plasma was pooled and {alpha}-tocopherol and ß-carotene was added in a four-by-four design resulting in the enrichment of LDL with {alpha}-tocopherol and ß-carotene in varying concentrations. Enriched and control LDL was oxidized in Cu2+ mediated oxidation system and resistance of LDL to oxidation was determined by lag time, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) activity, and rate of oxidation.

Results: Increasing LDL {alpha}-tocopherol concentration had a linear relationship with lag time and a negative correlation with rate of oxidation. LDL ß-carotene concentration was linearly correlated with the rate of LDL oxidation and ß-carotene loss, and exponentially related to TBARS concentration.

Conclusions: These results support earlier findings for the protective effect of {alpha}-tocopherol against LDL oxidation, and suggest that ß-carotene participates as a prooxidant in the oxidative degradation of LDL under these conditions. Since high levels of {alpha}-tocopherol did not mitigate the prooxidative effect of ß-carotene, these result indicate that increased LDL ß-carotene may cancel the protective qualities of {alpha}-tocopherol.

Key words: ß-carotene, {alpha}-tocopherol, low-density lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, toxicity




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