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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 24, No. 6, 474-485 (2005)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Time Course of Oxidative Stress Status in the Postprandial and Postabsorptive States in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship to Glucose and Lipid Changes

Begoña Manuel-y-Keenoy, MD, PhD, Ann Van Campenhout, Petra Aerts, Jan Vertommen, Pascale Abrams, MD, Luc F. Van Gaal, MD, PhD, FACN, Carolien Van Gils and Ivo H. De Leeuw, MD, PhD, FACN

Metabolic Research Unit (B.M.-y-K., A.V.C., P.A., J.V.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
University Hospital (P.A., L.V.G., C.V.G., I.D.L.), University of Antwerp, Belgium

Address reprint requests to: B. Manuel-y-Keenoy, MD, PhD, University of Antwerp (UA) campus Drie Eiken, Metabolic Research Unit (AMRU) T4.37, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, BELGIUM. E-mail: begona.manuelykeenoy{at}ua.ac.be

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare oxidative stress status (OSS) with blood glucose and lipid changes during the fasting, postprandial and postabsorptive phases in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Twenty-three patients on intensive insulin treatment received a standard fat-rich breakfast and lunch. OSS was monitored at fasting (F), just after the post-breakfast glycemia peak (BP) (identified by continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring), 3.5-h post-breakfast (B3.5), just after the post-lunch peak (LP), just after the post-lunch dale (LD) and 5 hours after lunch (L5).

Results: Whereas whole blood glutathione and plasma protein thiols increased in the postprandial period (from 6.52 ± 1.20 (F) to 7.08 ± 1.45 µmol/g Hb (BP), p = 0.005), ascorbate decreased gradually from 44 ± 17 (F) to 39 ± 19 µmol/L (LD), p = 0.015. Retinol and {alpha}-tocopherol also decreased from 27.1 ± 7.0 (F) to 25.3 ± 5.2 µmol/L (BP), p = 0.005. Uric acid decreased later, from 213 ± 77 (BP) to 204 ± 68 µmol/L (B3.5), p = 0.01, but then increased in LP (231 ± 70 µmol/L) and LD to values higher than F (215 ± 64, µmol/L, p = 0.01). Malondialdehyde increased gradually from 1.02 ± 0.36 (F) to a maximum of 1.14 ± 0.40 µmol/L (LP). In the postabsorptive phase (L5) all parameters except for thiols reverted to fasting concentrations.

Conclusions: In type 1 diabetes lipid peroxidation increases during the postprandial phase in parallel to glucose and triglyceride changes. Blood antioxidants, however, followed diverse patterns of change.

Key words: type 1 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, postprandial, postabsorptive, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants

Abbreviations: B3.5 = 3.5-hour post-breakfast • BP = post-breakfast glycemia peak • F = fasting • GSH = reduced glutathione • L5 = 5-hour post-lunch • LD = post-lunch glycemia dale • LP = post-lunch glycemia peak • MAPK = mitogen activated protein kinase • MDA = malondialdehyde • NFkB = nuclear facto k B • OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test • OS = oxidative stress • T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus • T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus • TAC-PI = total antioxidant capacity as per cent inhibition of chemiluminescence • TACTE = total antioxidant capacity as Trolox equivalents






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