HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Mahon, A. K. Articles by Campbell, W. W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mahon, A. K. Articles by Campbell, W. W.

Protein Intake during Energy Restriction: Effects on Body Composition and Markers of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women

¹Department of Foods & Nutrition, Wastl Human Performance Laboratory
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis Indiana
Division of Experimental Obesity, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas

Address reprint requests to: Wayne W. Campbell, PhD, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059. E-mail: campbellw{at}purdue.edu

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary protein intake on energy restriction (ER)-induced changes in body mass and body composition. Clinical markers of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases were also measured.

Design: 54 postmenopausal women, age 58 ± 2 y, body mass index 29.6 ± 0.8 kg/m², were assigned to one of four groups. For 9 weeks, three ER groups ate a 1000 kcal/d lacto-ovo vegetarian basal diet plus 250 kcal/d of either beef (BEEF, n = 14), chicken (CHICKEN, n = 15), or carbohydrate/fat foods (CARB (lacto-ovo), n = 14), while a control group (CON, n = 11) consumed their habitual diets.

Results: Energy intake was lower in the ER groups compared to CON (BEEF, 1114 ± 155 kcal/d, CHO: PRO: FAT, 46:24:30 % of energy intake; CHICKEN, 1098 ± 203 kcal/d, 51:25:24; CARB 1158 ± 341 kcal/d, 59:17:24; CON, 1570 ± 633 kcal/d, 47:20:33), but did not differ among ER groups. For all ER subjects combined, body mass (–6.7 ± 2.4 kg, 9 %), fat mass (–4.6 ± 1.9 kg, 13 %), and fat-free mass (–2.1 ± 1.1 kg, 5 %) decreased. These responses did not differ among the ER groups, except for body mass (CHICKEN –7.9 ± 2.6 kg^a; BEEF –6.6 ± 2.7 kg^a,b; CARB –5.6 ± 1.8 kg^b; CON –1.2 ± 1.2 kg^c; values with a difference superscript differ, p < 0.05). From PRE (week 0) to POST (week 9), total and LDL cholesterol decreased 12%, with no differences among groups. Triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were not changed over time or differentially affected by diet.

Conclusions: Overweight postmenopausal women can achieve significant weight loss and comparable short-term improvements in body composition and lipid-lipoprotein profile by consuming either a moderate-protein (25% of energy intake) poultry- or beef-containing diet or a lacto-ovo vegetarian protein (17% of energy intake) diet.

Key words: weight loss, red meat, beef, poultry, DXA, lipoprotein-lipid profile, adiponectin

Abbreviations: BEEF = moderate protein beef group • CARB = lower protein, lacto-ovo vegetarian group • CHICKEN = moderate protein chicken group • CHOL = cholesterol • CON = non-intervention control group • CRP = C-reactive protein • CVD = cardiovascular disease • ER = energy restricted • FFM = fat-free mass • FM = fat mass • HOMA = homeostatic model assessment • HP = higher protein • IR = insulin resistance • LP = lower protein • MHP = moderate high protein • POST = week 9 of energy restriction • PRE = weight maintenance (week 0)