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School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue
McGill University Health Center, Division of Cardiology, Montreal, Quebec, CANADA
Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
Address reprint requests to: Peter JH Jones, PhD, Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Smartpark, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 6C5, CANADA. E-mail: peter_jones{at}umanitoba.ca
Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine 1) whether the extent of weight loss is predictive of the degree of changes in hormone and lipid levels; 2) the interactions between energy regulating hormones after weight loss through an energy deficit/exercise protocol diet and exercise; 3) whether initial metabolic parameters are indicative of the extent of weight loss.
Methods: Thirty-five hyperlipidemic females (BMI 28–39 kg/m2) 35–60 years old participated in a six month weight loss trial. Weight loss resulted from a diet and exercise program that when combined produced a 30% energy deficit. Fasting plasma taken during 2 wk stabilization periods at the beginning and end of the study was analysed for lipids, hormone and glucose levels.
Results: Average weight loss was 11.7 ± 2.5 kg (p < 0.0001). TC, LDL-C, and triacylglycerols decreased 9.3 ± 9.5% (p < 0.0001), 7.4 ± 12.2% (p < 0.001), and 26.8 ± 19.6% (p < 0.05), respectively, while HDL-C increased (p < 0.05) by 8.2 ± 16.3%. Leptin levels declined (p < 0.001) 48.9 ± 16.0% and ghrelin levels rose (p < 0.001) 21.2 ± 26.7%. While overall levels of adiponectin did not differ, individual values changed such that weight loss predicted increases in adiponectin levels. Though initial weight did not predict weight loss, baseline lipid and insulin levels positively predicted weight loss.
Conclusion: Initial metabolic parameters may be predictors of weight loss. Beneficial effects of weight loss as achieved through diet and exercise on measured parameters indicate moderate weight loss reduces key risk factors of cardiovascular disease in overweight individuals.
Key words: weight loss, women, cholesterol, adipocyte hormones, ghrelin
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