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Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Performance: An Update

Melvin H. Williams, PhD and J. David Branch, PhD

Department of Exercise Science, Physical Education, and Recreation, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia



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  		Fig. 1. Summary of the literature supporting the efficacy of creatine monohydrate. Numbers in parentheses are the number of studies reporting ergonegic effects. % Change is that observed in the creatine supplemented group and is calculated as (Post-Pre) ÷ Pre x 100. Values are x %{Delta} ± SD.

BM=Body Mass; CE=Cycle Ergometry; IK=Isokinetic Force Production; IM=Isometric Force Production; IT=Isotonic Force Production; Jump=Jump Performance (vertical or continuous); Row=Rowing Performance; Run=Running Performance

 




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