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Nutritional and Zinc Status of Head and Neck Cancer Patients: An Interpretive Review

Department of Internal Medicine (A.S.P., F.W.J.B., O.K.), Detroit, Michigan
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (T.D.D., H.S.P., S.C.M., R.H.M.), Detroit, Michigan
Department of Radiation Oncology (F.H.S.), Detroit, Michigan
Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Hospital of Michigan (J.K.), Detroit, Michigan

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Zinc intake (mean±SD) of head and neck cancer patients (zinc deficient and zinc sufficient) and zinc sufficient normal control volunteers are shown here. The zinc intake includes zinc from food and supplements. Daily zinc intake from food was similar in all three groups. Daily zinc intake from meats was significantly less in zinc-deficient cancer group in comparison to zinc-sufficient cancer group. The figure is based on data published earlier [29].

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and plasma cooper levels (mean±SD) for the three groups of subjects are shown. Except for the changes in TIBC which was decreased in both cancer groups in comparison to normal control volunteers, other parameters were similar in the three groups. The figure is based on data published earlier [29].

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Serum albumin, pre-albumin, transferrin and PNI (mean±SD) are shown here. Serum albumin and transferrin levels were decreased in both cancer group in comparison to the controls. PNI was similar in both groups of cancer patients. The figure is based on data published earlier [29].

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Zinc levels (mean±SD) in plasma, lymphocytes, and granulocytes in zinc-sufficient and zinc-deficient head and neck cancer patients and non-cancer control subjects are shown here. Significant decrease in lymphocyte and granulocyte zinc in zinc-deficient subjects in comparison to the zinc-sufficient subjects were observed. The figure is based on data published earlier [29].

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Production of IL-2 and TNF- by PMNC and NK cell lytic activity (mean±SD) in zinc-sufficient and zinc-deficient subjects (controls and cancer patients) are shown here. These parameters were significantly decreased due to zinc deficiency. The figure is based on data published earlier [29].

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Production (mean±SD) of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6 by PMNC were not affected due to zinc deficiency, however, IL-1ß was increased in zinc-deficient subjects. The figure is based on data published earlier [29].

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD45RA+/CD45R0+ in CD4+ cells (mean±SD) were decreased in zinc-deficient subjects in comparison to zinc-sufficient normal volunteers. The figure is based on data published earlier [29].