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Vitamin A and Zinc Supplementation of Preschool Children

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Phytonutrients Laboratory (J.C.S., D.R.), Beltsville, Maryland
Home Economics and Human Nutrition, Lincoln University (D.M.), Jefferson City, Missouri
Belize Vision Center, (A.H.), Belize City, Central America
Biometric Consulting Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center and Animal and Avian Sciences Department, University of Maryland, (L.W.D.), College Park, Maryland

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. An agexzinc interaction affecting hemoglobin concentrations. As initial age of entry to the study increased, zinc-treated children maintained hemoglobin levels. In contrast, the children who did not receive zinc exhibited a significant decline (8% predicted decrease) from 28 to 66 months, p<0.01.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (A) Comparison of mean height of the children who received vitamin A supplementation for six months (96.3 cm) with the height of those who were not supplemented with the vitamin (94.9 cm). The height increase was 1.4±0.42 cm greater for the vitamin A supplemented children, p<0.002. The pre-treatment adjusted mean was 92.0 cm. The bars represent the mean height increases for the non-vitamin A supplemented compared to the vitamin A supplemented children, e.g. 2.9 cm versus 4.3 cm, respectively. (B) Comparison of mean height-for-age Z score of the children who received vitamin A supplementation with the mean height-for-age Z score of those who were not supplemented with the vitamin, -2.44 vs. -2.11, p<0.001. The pre-treatment adjusted mean was -2.37.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) Comparison of mean weight of the children who received vitamin A supplementation for six months (14.6 kg) with the weight of those who were not supplemented with the vitamin (14.4 kg). The weight increase was 0.15±0.07 kg greater for the vitamin A supplemented children, p<0.05. The pre-treatment adjusted mean was 13.9 kg. The bars represent the mean weight increases for the non-vitamin A supplemented compared to the vitamin A supplemented children, e.g. 0.5 kg versus 0.7 kg, respectively. (B) Comparison of mean weight-for-age Z score of the children who received vitamin A supplementation (-1.35) with the mean weight-for-age Z score of those who were not supplemented with the vitamin (-1.44), p<0.05). Pre-treatment adjusted mean was -1.28.