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Fighting Iron Deficiency Anemia with Iron-Rich Rice

Institute for Plant Science ETHZ, Zurich (P.L., I.P.), SWITZERLAND
Institute of Food Science ETHZ, Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Ruschlikon (R.H.), SWITZERLAND

View larger version (64K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Northern blot analysis of seeds of plants transformed with pAGt1Me, plasmid containing the rice metallothionein-like gene (rgMT) under the control of the glutelin promoter (Gt1 pr.). Total RNA (12 mg) from five transformants (M1–M5) and non transgenic rice (WT) were electrophoresed, transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane, and hybridised with a fragment of the metallothionein-like protein cDNA. The membrane after the transfer of RNA, stained with 0.04% methylene blue, is shown in the lower panel. [42 (Reproduced with permission.)]

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Western blot analysis of 30 mg protein extract from transgenic seeds containing the pfe-gene (F1–F7) and the phy-gene (P1–P4) and a untransformed control (wild-type, WT). French bean protein extract (FB) and the purified fungal phytase (+) were used as positive controls. Both the ferritin (pfe[upper panel]) and the phytase (phyA [lower panel]) genes are placed under the control of the glutelin promoter (Gt1 pr.). [42 (Reproduced with permission.)]

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Iron content of dehusked seeds from 7 transgenic rice lines (F1–F7) were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Two untransformed plants (WT1, WT2) and a plant transformed with the rgMT-gene (TR) were used as controls. [42 (Reproduced with permission.)]

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Analysis of seeds from plants transformed with the fungal phytase (P1, P2, P3, P4) and an untransformed control (WT). (a) The phytase activity was measured at pH 6.5 and 37°C before and after acid or heat treatment. (b) The phytate content from seeds of a transgenic plant (P4) and an untransformed control was determined by HPLC analysis before (1) and after (2) simulated small intestine conditions. [42 (Reproduced with permission.)]

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The cysteic acid (CA) content of dehusked seeds from lines overexpressing the rgMT-gene (M1–M5) was determined by HPLC analysis after oxidation of cysteine residues. Untransformed plants (WT1, WT2) and two plant transformed with the pfe-gene (TR1, TR2) were used as controls. [42 (Reproduced with permission.)]