Time Course of Oxidative Stress Status in the Postprandial and Postabsorptive States in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship to Glucose and Lipid Changes

Time Course of Oxidative Stress Status in the Postprandial and Postabsorptive States in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relationship to Glucose and Lipid Changes

Begoña Manuel-y-Keenoy, MD, PhD, Ann Van Campenhout, Petra Aerts, Jan Vertommen, Pascale Abrams, MD, Luc F. Van Gaal, MD, PhD, FACN, Carolien Van Gils and Ivo H. De Leeuw, MD, PhD, FACN

Metabolic Research Unit (B.M.-y-K., A.V.C., P.A., J.V.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
University Hospital (P.A., L.V.G., C.V.G., I.D.L.), University of Antwerp, Belgium

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Fig. 1A. Daytime continuous monitoring profile of the postprandial and postabsorptive changes in blood glucose obtained using the GlucoDay® device that measures glucose concentration in the dyalisate of the interstitial fluid from the subcutaneous tissue. These data was transformed into plasma glucose equivalents by calibration with intravenous glucose samples obtained at 7–9 time points during the test period. Shown are the mean ± 1 SD of the postprandial glucose values of 23 patients obtained at intervals of 3 minutes. Because of differences in the individual time courses, the extent of glucose changes depicted on this graph are less outspoken than the means of the maximum and minimum glucose values reached by the individual patients. B and C. Time course of changes in serum cholesterol (1B) and triglycerides (1C). Values were monitored at fasting F, just after the post-breakfast glucose peak BP, just before lunch B3.5, just after the post-lunch glucose peak LP, just after the post-lunch glucose dale LD and 5 hours after lunch L5. Shown are means ± SEM of 23 patients. The horizontal error bars depict the SEM of the time taken to reach the blood glucose peaks at BP and LP and dale LD. P-value denotes the significance of the overall change over time, calculated by repeated measures analysis of variance. * denotes p < 0.05 when contrasted to the value at fasting. $§$ denotes p < 0.05 when contrasted to the preceding blood sample.

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Fig. 2. Time course of changes in plasma total antioxidant capacity TACPI (2A), plasma protein-thiols (2B) and whole blood reduced glutathione (2C) taken at fasting F, just after the post-breakfast glucose peak BP, just before lunch B3.5, just after the post-lunch glucose peak LP, just after the post-lunch glucose dale LD and 5 hours after lunch L5. Shown are means ± SEM of 23 patients. The horizontal error bars depict the SEM of the time taken to reach the blood glucose peaks at BP and LP and dale LD. p-value denotes the significance of the overall change over time, obtained by repeated measure analysis of variance. * denotes p < 0.05 when contrasted to the value at fasting. $§$ denotes p < 0.05 when contrasted to the preceding value.

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Fig. 3. Time course of changes in plasma total antioxidant capacity TACTE (3A), serum uric acid (3B) and plasma ascorbate (3C) taken at fasting F, just after the post-breakfast glucose peak BP, just before lunch B3.5, just after the post-lunch glucose peak LP, just after the post-lunch glucose dale LD and 5 hours after lunch L5. Shown are means ± SEM of 23 patients. The horizontal error bars depict the SEM of the time taken to reach the blood glucose peaks at BP and LP and dale LD. P-value denotes the significance of the overall change over time, obtained by repeated measure analysis of variance. * denotes p < 0.05 when contrasted to the value at fasting. $§$ denotes p < 0.05 when contrasted to the preceding value.

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Fig. 4. Time course of changes in plasma retinol (4A), plasma ${alpha}$ -tocopherol (4B) and plasma malondialdehyde (4C) taken at fasting F, just after the post-breakfast glucose peak BP, just before lunch B3.5, just after the post-lunch glucose peak LP, just after the post-lunch glucose dale LD and 5 hours after lunch L5. Shown are means ± SEM of 23 patients. The horizontal error bars depict the SEM of the time taken to reach the blood glucose peaks at BP and LP and dale LD. P-value denotes the significance of the overall change over time, obtained by repeated measure analysis of variance. * denotes p < 0.05 when contrasted to the value at fasting. $§$ denotes p < 0.05 when contrasted to the preceding value.